Solanum verrucosum

Description

Solanum verrucosum distribution map
Solanum verrucosum distribution map

Solanum verrucosum is a widespread species in Mexico, where it is primarily a plant of woodlands and cloud forests.  Plants about 6 to 18 inches tall.  Blue flowers.  Round berries.

The specific epithet, verrucosum, means “warty,” but I’m not sure what the context is.  While there is no completely standardized pronunciation for scientific names, the most common way to pronounce this species is probably so-LAY-num ve-ROO-koh-sum.

Tubers of this species are or were occasionally eaten in Mexico, according to notes from various collecting expeditions.  Correll (1962) also reports that this species was once cultivated near Geneva, Switzerland, in the hope that it would resist late blight, but eventually abandoned due to the small tuber size and late bearing.

This species is remarkable for its self-compatibility, although inbred lines do suffer from inbreeding depression as expected in diploids of this genus (Abdalla 1973). Self compatibility is rare in diploid potatoes and has only been otherwise observed in S. polyadenium and certain lines of S. chacoense that possess self-incompatibility inhibition (sli) alleles.

S. verrucosum is suspected as the progenitor of all Mexican polyploid species, based upon the presence of a mitochondrial marker (Sanetomo 2013).  It is the only North American diploid species with the A genome.

Resistances

This species can survive frosts down to 27 degrees F (-3 C) (Li 1977).  Vega (1995) found that this species is about as frost tolerant as domesticated potato.

Some accessions of this species carry the RB gene, conferring late blight resistance.

Condition Type Level of Resistance Source
Alternaria solani (Early Blight) Fungus Somewhat resistant Jansky 2008
Globodera pallida (Pale Cyst Nematode) Invertebrate Not resistant Bachmann-Pfabe 2019
Globodera pallida (Pale Cyst Nematode) Invertebrate Not resistant Castelli 2003
Globodera rostochiensis (Potato Cyst/Golden Nematode) Invertebrate Not resistant Castelli 2003
Pectobacterium carotovorum (Blackleg/Soft Rot) Bacteria Somewhat resistant Chung 2011
Phytophthora infestans (Late Blight) Fungus Somewhat resistant
Phytophthora infestans (Late Blight) Fungus Somewhat resistant Bachmann-Pfabe 2019
Phytophthora infestans (Late Blight) Fungus Some resistance Karki 2020
Potato Virus Y (PVY) Virus Not resistant Cai 2011

Glykoalkaloid content

Images

Solanum verrucosum plant
Solanum verrucosum plant
Solanum verrucosum flower buds
Solanum verrucosum flower buds
Solanum verrucosum flower
Solanum verrucosum flower
Solanum verrucosum flower
Solanum verrucosum flower
Tubers of the wild potato species Solanum verrucosum
Solanum verrucosum tubers

Cultivation

Towill (1983) found that seeds of this species stored at 1 to 3 degrees C germinated at 100% after 27 years.

Breeding

Crosses with S. tuberosum

Watanabe (1991) found that 4.1% of varieties of this species produced 2n pollen, which would be effectively tetraploid and 4EBN.

Female Male Berry Set
Seed Set Ploidy Germ Source
S. tuberosum S. verrucosum  Minimal None Jackson (1999)
S. verrucosum S. tuberosum None None Jackson (1999)
S. verrucosum S. tuberosum 2x Moderate Moderate High Abdalla 1973

Crosses with other species

Jackson (1999) found 4-11% 2n pollen for varieties of this species.

Abdalla (1973) observed that interspecies crosses in which S. verrucosum is used as the male parent are rarely successful.  In addition, cytoplasmic sterility renders the majority of the progeny male sterile when S. verrucosum is used as the female parent.

Female Male Berry Set
Seed Set Ploidy Germ Source
S. commersonii S. verrucosum Yes Yes Yes 2x Propach 1940
S. verrucosum S. chacoense High High Low Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. chomatophilum Low Moderate High Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. infundibuliforme High High Moderate Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. raphanifolium High Low High Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. berthaultii (as S. tarijense) High Moderate Minimal Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. candolleanum (as S. canasense and S. multidissectum) High/Moderate Low/Moderate Low/Moderate Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. kurtzianum High High High Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. brevicaule (as S. leptophyes) High Low Low Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. microdontum (as S. gigantophyllum) Moderate Moderate High Abdalla 1973
S. verrucosum S. vernei High Moderate High Abdalla 1973

References

Solanum verrucosum at Solanaceae Source

Solanum verrucosum at GRIN Taxonomy