Solanum candolleanum

Common Name(s)	Achachil ch’ogue, Monte ch’ogue
Code	cnd
Synonyms	S. abancayense, S. abbottianum, S. achacachense,  S. amabile,  S, amayanum,  S. ambosinum,  S. ancoripae,  S. antacochense,  S. aymaraesense, S. bill-hookeri, S. bukasovii, S. calcense, S. canasense, S. catarthrum, S. chillonanum, S. coelestipetalum, S. hapalosum, S. huancavelicae, S. lechnoviczii, S. lobbianum, S. longiusculum, S. marinasense, S. mollepujroense, S. multidissectum, S. neohawkesii, S. ochoae, S. orophilum, S. ortegae, S. pampasense, S. puchupuchense, S. pumilum, S. punoense, S. sarasarae, S. sawyeri, S. saxatile, S. sicuanum, S. soukupii, S. sparsipilum, S. tapojense, S. tarapatanum, S. tenellum, S. velardei
Clade	4
Series	Tuberosa
Ploidy	Diploid (2x), Triploid (3x)
EBN	2
Tuberization Photoperiod	Short day
Self-compatible	No
Genome	AA
Cytoplasm Type	M, P (Hosaka 2014)
Citation	Berthault: Ann. Sci. Agron. Franc. Etrangere, ser. 3, 6: 190. 1911.

Description

Solanum candolleanum (candolleanum, in honor of Swiss botanist Agustin Pyramus de Candolle) is primarily a Peruvian species, but also found in Bolivia.  Plants large, as much as three feet tall, although this is quite a variable species.  Stolons reach almost five feet.  Large tubers, maybe the largest of any of the wild potatoes, reaching up to about five inches long or more under cultivation.  Flowers blue to purple.  Berries round to ovoid and similar in size to domesticated potato.  Grows in cool, moist environments up to about the 13,100 foot elevation.

S. candolleanum and S. brevicaule can probably be considered the core members of the Solanum brevicaule complex, which ranges from northern Peru through Bolivia.  S. candolleanum is the dominant species in the northern part of that range and S. brevicaule is in the southern part.  Both species are highly variable, but overall similar to one another.  Both share a lot of similarities with the domesticated potato and can cross relatively easily with it, at least at the diploid level.

Resistances

This species can survive frosts down to 24 degrees F (-4.5 C) (Li 1977, as S. canasense).  Vega (1995) found that this species is more frost tolerant than domesticated potato.

Glykoalkaloid content

Johns (1990) found glycoalkaloid levels ranging from mostly from 25 to 78mg/100g in four accessions of S. candolleanum (as S. bukasovii and S. canasense).  They also noted an outlier at 9mg/100g (PI 473492).  Some have levels are just above the safety limit for S. tuberosum at 20mg/100g and those are probably safe to eat in small amounts.  Some varieties may even be as safe as S. tuberosum if the 9mg/100g outlier is any indication.  The primary glycoalkaloids found were solanine and chaconine.  Van Gelder (1988) found TGA levels ranging from 70 to 92 mg / 100 g (as S. bukasovii), 32 to 36 mg / 100 g (as S. canasense), and 36 mg / 100 g (as S. multidissectum).

Images

Cultivation

The USDA potato genebank has observed that some accessions of this species are dependent upon GA3 for germination (Bamberg 1999).  Bamberg (2018) found that alternating temperatures increased germination in this species.

Breeding

Crosses with S. tuberosum

Crosses with other species

Jackson (1999) found 3-12% 2n pollen for varieties of this species.

References

Solanum candolleanum at Solanaceae Source

Solanum candolleanum at GRIN Taxonomy

Solanum candolleanum at CIP